What is Vesicovaginal Fistula?
A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is a serious medical condition and an abnormal and
often problematic connection between the bladder and the vagina. This condition
results in the continuous and involuntary discharge of urine from the bladder into
the vaginal vault, leading to uncontrollable leakage of urine.
This pathological connection allows urine to continuously leak from the bladder into
the vaginal canal, leading to chronic and involuntary urine discharge. The condition
can result from a variety of causes, including traumatic childbirth, especially in
cases of prolonged or obstructed labor.Infections and inflammatory diseases of the
pelvic organs, as well as direct invasion by malignancies, can also contribute to
the development of VVF.Symptoms typically include constant wetness, foul-smelling
vaginal discharge, recurrent urinary tract infections, and irritation or pain in the
genital area.
Causes of Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF)
Vesicovaginal fistulas can develop due to various reasons, including:
- Obstetric Trauma: The most common cause in developing
countries is prolonged and obstructed labor, which can damage the
tissues between the bladder and vagina.
- Surgical Complications They are often a result of surgical
procedures, such as hysterectomies or other pelvic surgeries, where
accidental injury to the bladder may occur.
- Infections and Inflammatory Conditions: Chronic infections or
inflammatory diseases of the pelvis can also contribute to the
formation of fistulas.
- Malignancies: Cancer of the pelvic organs can cause fistulas
either through direct invasion or as a result of surgical treatment.
Symptoms of Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF)
The primary symptom of a vesicovaginal fistula is the continuous, involuntary
leakage of urine from the vagina. Other symptoms can include:
- Persistent wetness and irritation in the genital area.
- Foul-smelling vaginal discharge.
- Recurrent urinary tract infections.
- Vaginal pain or discomfort.
- Inflammation and excoriation of the vaginal and surrounding skin.
Diagnosis of Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF)
Diagnosing a vesicovaginal fistula involves several steps:
- Medical History and Physical Examination: A detailed history and
examination to understand symptoms and potential causes.
- Dye Tests: Using a dye (such as methylene blue) instilled into the
bladder can help visualize the fistula during a physical exam.
- Cystoscopy: A procedure that involves inserting a scope into the
bladder to directly visualize the fistula.
- Imaging: Imaging studies like pelvic ultrasound, CT scans, or MRI can
help in visualizing the fistula and assessing its extent.
Treatment of Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF)
Treatment of vesicovaginal fistulas typically involves surgical repair. The approach
depends on the size and location of the fistula, as well as the patient’s overall
health:
- Surgical Repair: The primary treatment, where the fistula is
surgically closed. This can be done through various approaches, including
vaginal, abdominal, or laparoscopic surgery.
- Catheterization: In some small fistulas, prolonged bladder
catheterization may allow the fistula to heal on its own.
- Tissue Flap Procedures: In cases where the fistula is large or has
failed previous repairs, tissue flaps may be used to cover and reinforce the
repair site.
- Postoperative Care: Includes measures to ensure proper healing and
prevent infection, such as the use of antibiotics and avoidance of
activities that could stress the repair site.
A vesicovaginal fistula is a significant medical condition that requires prompt
diagnosis and treatment to restore normal urinary function and improve the quality
of life for affected individuals. If you suspect you have a VVF or experience
symptoms related to urinary leakage, it is important to consult Dr. Aditya P.S
Sengar
the best
urologist in lucknow for vesicovaginal
fistula treatment.
